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Aquí el texto en inglés del vídeo de esta presentación de Richard Satallman, se hizo la '''traducción ''' al español desde el archivo.srt de subtítulos original. La traducción esta más abajo y ahora se pueden añadir subtítulos en español también.

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== Vídeo original ==

http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/TEDxGE2014_Stallman05_LQ.webm

= Original (English) =
<pre>
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Free software is the first battle

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in the liberation of cyberspace.

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Who controls your computer?

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Is it you or is it some big company
that's really controlling it?

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What is a computer?

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A computer is a universal machine.

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It will do any computation you want it to

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because you give it a program that says

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what the computation is that you want.

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The computer only knows
how to get out an instruction and do it,

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and get out another
instruction and do it.

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The program has the instructions,
it says what to do.

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00:00:50,612 --> 00:00:55,252
By writing the right program,
you can make it do anything.

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00:00:55,252 --> 00:00:57,665
Well, almost anything.

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Who gives the instructions
to your computer?

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You might think it's
obeying your instructions

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when really it's obeying
somebody else first,

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and you only as much as
that company will let it listen to you.

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With software,
there are two possibilities:

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Either the users control the program,
or the program controls the users.

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It's inevitably one or the other.

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In order for the users
to control the program,

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they need the four essential freedoms.

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That's the definition of free software.

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Free software respects
the user's freedom and community.

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Now, we often call it "Libre"
using the French or Spanish word.

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Pronounce it as you like,
the point is that's what we mean.

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We don't mean it's gratis,
we're not talking about price.

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We're concerned with your freedom,

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and we sometimes say
"Free/Libre" to show that.

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Freedom zero is the freedom
to run the program

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as you wish for whatever purpose.

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00:02:01,239 --> 00:02:05,357
Freedom one is the freedom to study
the source code of the program

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00:02:05,377 --> 00:02:09,717
and change it, so it does
the computing you want it to do.

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00:02:09,738 --> 00:02:11,449
But what is the source code?

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00:02:11,465 --> 00:02:14,576
Every program typically
will have two forms.

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There's the form that you can read,
and you can understand

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if you know the programming language.

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That's the source.

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That's what programmers write and change.

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Then, there's the executable,
which is a bunch of numbers

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which even a programmer can't figure out.

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If all you get is the executable,

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it's a horrible pain in the neck
to the figure out what it does,

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and even harder to change it.

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So, to give you the real possibility
to study and change it,

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they've got to give you the source code.

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That's a requirement.

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With those two freedoms,

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each user separately can make a copy

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and start changing it
and make it do what she wants.

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That's individual control.

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But what if you're not a programmer?

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You look at the source code,
and you don't understand it.

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Individual control isn't enough.

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We also need collective control,

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00:03:06,975 --> 00:03:10,363
which means any group of users
are free to work together

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to adapt the program to what they want.

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00:03:12,929 --> 00:03:16,026
Of course, in the group,
some of them are programmers.

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They're the ones who
actually write the changes,

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but they're doing it as part of the group

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for what the group wants.

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Of course, the group
doesn't have to be everybody.

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Others can use it some other way.

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They're all free to do that.

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Collective control requires
two more essential freedoms.

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Freedom two is the freedom
to redistribute exact copies,

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to make the copies and then give them away

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or sell them when you wish.

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Freedom three is similar,

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but it's for your modified versions.

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You're free to make copies, and then
give them or sell them when you wish.

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If you do have these freedoms,
then it's free software,

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the users control the program.

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But if any of those freedoms is missing,

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then the users don't control the program.

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Instead, the program controls the users
and the developer controls the program.

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00:04:05,594 --> 00:04:10,632
So, that means this program
is an instrument of unjust power

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for its developer over the users.

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That means the users don't have freedom,

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that's non‑free, proprietary software
which we've got to get rid of.

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When you've got proprietary software,
what happens?

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Sometimes, the program snoops on the user.

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Sometimes, it tracks the user.

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Sometimes, it restricts the user,

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and stops users from doing
what they want to do.

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You can see that the blue ray
is your enemy.

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[Laughter]

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Sometimes, the software
remotely deletes books

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as Amazon did with "Nineteen Eighty-Four".

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Sometimes, the developer compels users

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to install a harmful upgrade,

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by threatening to take away
other functionality

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if it's not installed, as Sony did.

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00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:09,443
Sometimes, they can even forcibly change
the software at a distance

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00:05:09,445 --> 00:05:14,631
as Microsoft can with Windows
through the universal back door.

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Sometimes, they even sabotage users,

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as Microsoft does when it tells
the NSA about bugs in Windows,

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00:05:23,394 --> 00:05:26,673
so it can use them
to attack people's computers.

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What you get is basically,
with proprietary software,

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the owner has power over the users,

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and takes advantage of this power,

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putting in those various
malicious functionalities

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to hurt the users.

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Of course, they don't do this
because they're sadists;

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they're doing it just
for money, for greed.

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They have various ways
that they can profit

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from having this power over users,

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which does not make it
even the tiniest bit less evil.

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But they have no shame about it.

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They have conferences where
they talk about the latest ways

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they can take advantage of users
through the power they have.

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Basically, proprietary software,

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which is now for almost all of the users
of proprietary software,

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they're using proprietary malware.

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It's "software for suckers".

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How do you stop being the victim?

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Formerly, you had to stop using computers,
but not anymore.

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Now, you can come join us
in the free world that we've built.

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In 1983, I announced I would develop

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a completely free software
operating system called GNU.

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In 1992, we had it almost finished,

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but one piece was missing, the kernel.

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Linus Torvalds, in that year,
freed his kernel, Linux,

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which filled the last gap,
and gave us

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the first complete system
you could run on a PC: GNU/Linux.

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Unfortunately, having freedom at one point
doesn't guarantee you'll keep it.

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There are over a thousand
different variants of GNU/Linux.

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They're called distributions.

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A few of them are entirely free software;

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most of them have non‑free software added,

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because they're maintained by people
who aren't concerned about freedom.

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They'd rather add convenience --
but at the cost of freedom.

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So you have to check
which is a free distro.

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To keep your freedom,
sometimes requires a sacrifice,

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sometimes a big sacrifice,
as at Lexington.

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But in our campaign,
they tend to be little sacrifices.

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Anybody with a little bit of maturity
can make these sacrifices.

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For instance, you want applications,
but some of them are non‑free.

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If you want freedom,
you've got to do without them.

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There may be some inconveniences

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you have to suffer
for your freedom's sake.

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Then, many websites
send non‑free programs,

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written in JavaScript,
to the user's browser.

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If you don't want
to run non‑free programs,

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you should install LibreJS

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which blocks, keeps out,
non‑free JavaScript.

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Sometimes, servers will offer
to do your computing.

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They say, "Send us all your data."

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Obviously, for suckers.

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Then the server does the computing,
and sends you back the results.

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But you're not supposed
to think about what's happening,

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because it's a "cloud",
and you don't see what's going on.

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Well, you should look.

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It's service as a software substitute,

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and it takes away control
of your computing.

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A large fraction of
the world's web servers

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are running GNU/Linux
and other free software.

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But I think the most important
computers to put freedom in

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are your computers,
not companies' web servers.

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They deserve freedom, also.

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But above all, it's people
that deserve freedom.

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So we need to advance,

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and to do that,
we have to cross obstacles.

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One of them is there are big companies

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that make a lot of money
by having control over users.

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They don't want to let us advance.

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We have to overcome their opposition.

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Another is that the mainstream media
don't talk about free software.

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They have a term that they use
to bury these ethical issues.

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They say "open source" instead.

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Now, it talks about more
or less the same programs,

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but with different ideas.

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Where free software activists say,

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"This is a matter of right and wrong.

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Users deserve freedom.
We demand freedom."

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The people who say open source,
they don't want to say that.

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Instead, they say,

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"Let the users change
the software and redistribute it,

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and they'll make the code better.

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They'll fix some bugs."

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It may be true, but it's
a less important issue.

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If we want to keep our freedom,
we've got to talk about freedom.

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So say, "free software,"
and you're helping us every time.

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Another obstacle is that lots
of schools teach non‑free software,

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which is basically like teaching
the kids to smoke tobacco.

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It's implanting dependence,

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which is the opposite
of what schools should do.

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A school should prepare citizens to live

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in a strong, capable, independent,
cooperating and free society,

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which means, teaching
free software in the school.

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But there's another reason
to do that for education.

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Some kids want to become programmers,
they're curious.

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They want to know how the programs work.

195
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While the one who's studying
a free software can understand it,

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the one who's studying a non‑free
program can't learn anything,

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because the knowledge
in the non‑free program

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is withheld, denied to the students.

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So to uphold the spirit of education,

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the school should make sure
its programs are free.

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But there's an even
more important reason:

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Schools should teach
the spirit of goodwill,

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the habit of helping other people.

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The class should say,

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"If you bring a program to class,

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just as if you bring cookies to class,

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you've got to share it with everyone else.

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You can't keep it to yourself.

209
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You've got to share the source code,
so other people can learn.

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So don't bring any proprietary software
to this class."

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The school has to set a good example
by following its own rule:

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You should bring only
free software to class,

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except as a reverse engineering exercise.

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Another obstacle is there's hardware

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we don't know how
to write free software for,

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because they won't tell us
how to use the hardware.

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That's shocking.
They want to sell you the product,

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and they won't tell you how to use it.

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They say, "Here's a
non‑free program you can use.

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Run it, and shut up.
Don't bother us."

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00:11:59,302 --> 00:12:03,905
How do we find out how to run
that hardware with reverse engineering?

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00:12:03,918 --> 00:12:08,559
You've got to study all those 0's and 1's
to figure out what they really do,

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00:12:08,589 --> 00:12:11,390
and write down how to use that hardware,

224
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so someone else can write
the free program to do it.

225
00:12:14,390 --> 00:12:16,693
It's hard work, but it can be done --

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if you want to make
a big technical contribution,

227
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that's what you should do.

228
00:12:21,275 --> 00:12:24,659
Each new area, activity of life,

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can bring with it new human rights
that are necessary.

230
00:12:28,885 --> 00:12:31,302
The human rights depend on each other.

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00:12:31,316 --> 00:12:32,769
If you lose one,

232
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it becomes harder
to maintain the others.

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So, nowadays, computing is
so important in society

234
00:12:39,794 --> 00:12:44,059
that the freedoms of free software
are among the human rights

235
00:12:44,075 --> 00:12:47,177
that society must establish and protect.

236
00:12:47,178 --> 00:12:49,637
Thus, how to help?

237
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You can write free software.

238
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You can organize groups to campaign,

239
00:12:54,478 --> 00:12:58,157
and persuade schools and governments
to move to free software.

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You can help other people when
they have trouble using free software,

241
00:13:01,815 --> 00:13:03,687
or help them install it.

242
00:13:03,696 --> 00:13:08,375
You can say, "free software,"
and spread the philosophical ideas.

243
00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:13,279
Moving to free software is the first step
in the liberation of cyberspace,

244
00:13:13,294 --> 00:13:15,408
but of course, we also use the Internet.

245
00:13:15,421 --> 00:13:17,031
We need other freedoms there,

246
00:13:17,060 --> 00:13:20,729
like network neutrality,
and putting an end

247
00:13:20,751 --> 00:13:24,478
to surveillance of people in general.

248
00:13:24,839 --> 00:13:27,295
(Applause)
</pre>
= Traducción Español =

En este link:
* https://goblinrefuge.com/mediagoblin/u/strysg/m/software-libre-rms-subtitulos-espanol/

Están los subtítulos añadidos al video permanentemente.

<pre>
0
00:00:01,153 --> 00:00:9,233
Software libre para una sociedad libre
 - Richard Stallman -

1
00:00:11,123 --> 00:00:15,141
El software libre es la primera batalla

2
00:00:15,141 --> 00:00:18,162
en la liberación del ciberespacio.

3
00:00:18,163 --> 00:00:20,223
¿Quién controla tu computadora?

4
00:00:20,245 --> 00:00:25,678
¿Tú? ó en realidad ¿la esta controlando una empresa muy grande?

5
00:00:25,774 --> 00:00:27,786
¿Qué es una computadora?

6
00:00:27,790 --> 00:00:31,858
Una computadora es una máquina universal.

7
00:00:31,873 --> 00:00:35,125
Hará cualquier cómputo que tú quieras que haga

8
00:00:35,125 --> 00:00:37,405
Por que le das un programa que dice

9
00:00:37,439 --> 00:00:40,167
que es lo que tiene que computar

10
00:00:40,179 --> 00:00:43,982
La computadora sólo sabe
como leer una instrucción y ejecutarla

11
00:00:43,998 --> 00:00:46,358
leer otra
instrucción y ejecutarla.

12
00:00:46,358 --> 00:00:50,557
El programa tiene instrucciones,
estas dicen que hacer.

13
00:00:50,612 --> 00:00:55,252
Escribiendo el programa adecuado,
puedes hacer que haga cualquier cosa.

14
00:00:55,252 --> 00:00:57,665
Bueno, casi cualquier cosa.

15
00:00:57,670 --> 00:01:00,698
¿Quién le da instrucciones
a tu computadora?

16
00:01:00,728 --> 00:01:04,327
Puedes creer que esta
obedeciendo tus instrucciones

17
00:01:04,355 --> 00:01:07,495
cuando realmente esta obedeciendo
a alguien más primero.

18
00:01:07,552 --> 00:01:13,953
Solo te escuchará a ti,
lo que esa empresa lo permita.

19
00:01:13,992 --> 00:01:16,049
Con el software,
hay dos posibilidades:

20
00:01:16,093 --> 00:01:21,491
O los usuarios controlan el programa,
o el programa controla a los usuarios.

21
00:01:21,492 --> 00:01:23,842
Es uno o el otro inevitablemente.

22
00:01:23,893 --> 00:01:27,092
Para que los usuarios
controlen el programa,

23
00:01:27,133 --> 00:01:30,920
necesitan cuatro libertades esenciales

24
00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:34,404
Esa es la definición del software libre.

25
00:01:34,435 --> 00:01:38,355
El software libre respeta
las libertades del usuario y de la comunidad.

26
00:01:38,367 --> 00:01:42,394
A menudo lo llamamos "Libre"
usando la palabra francesa o española.

27
00:01:42,408 --> 00:01:45,716
Pronúnciala como quieras, 
el punto que eso es a lo que nos referimos.

28
00:01:45,734 --> 00:01:48,798
No nos referimos a que es gratis,
no estamos hablando del precio. 

29
00:01:48,799 --> 00:01:51,038
Estamos pendientes de tu libertad.

30
00:01:51,045 --> 00:01:55,554
y decimos algunas veces,
"Free/Libre" para mostrarlo.

31
00:01:55,575 --> 00:01:58,476
La libertad cero es la libertad
para ejecutar el programa

32
00:01:58,500 --> 00:02:01,239
como quieras y para cualquier propósito.

33
00:02:01,239 --> 00:02:05,357
La libertad uno es la libertad para estudiar
el código fuente del programa

34
00:02:05,377 --> 00:02:09,717
y cambiarlo, así este hace
el computo que tu quieras.

35
00:02:09,738 --> 00:02:11,449
¿Pero qué es el código fuente?

36
00:02:11,465 --> 00:02:14,576
Todo programa típicamente
tendrá dos formas.

37
00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:18,390
Está la forma en la que puedes leerlo,
y  entenderlo

38
00:02:18,406 --> 00:02:20,485
si sabes el lenguaje de programación.

39
00:02:20,527 --> 00:02:21,929
Eso es el código fuente.

40
00:02:21,949 --> 00:02:24,321
Eso es lo que los programadores escriben y cambian.

41
00:02:24,342 --> 00:02:27,222
Y está el ejecutable,
que es un montón de números

42
00:02:27,222 --> 00:02:29,583
que ni siquiera un programador puede entender.

43
00:02:29,602 --> 00:02:31,583
Si sólo tienes el ejecutable, 

44
00:02:31,594 --> 00:02:34,982
es un horrible trabajo
darse cuenta que es lo que hace,

45
00:02:34,995 --> 00:02:36,866
y es aún más difícil de cambiar.

46
00:02:36,879 --> 00:02:41,069
Entonces, para darte la posibilidad real
para estudiarlo y cambiarlo,

47
00:02:41,069 --> 00:02:42,941
deben darte el código fuente.

48
00:02:42,958 --> 00:02:44,621
Eso es un requisito.

49
00:02:44,629 --> 00:02:47,453
Con esas dos libertades,

50
00:02:47,464 --> 00:02:50,301
cada usuario puede hacer una copia

51
00:02:50,321 --> 00:02:54,091
empezar a cambiarlo
y hacer que haga lo que quiera.

52
00:02:54,105 --> 00:02:56,746
Eso es control individual.

53
00:02:56,754 --> 00:02:58,914
Pero, ¿Si no eres un programador?

54
00:02:58,922 --> 00:03:01,703
Ves el código fuente,
y no lo entiendes.

55
00:03:01,743 --> 00:03:04,783
El control individual no es suficiente,

56
00:03:04,795 --> 00:03:06,962
También necesitamos control colectivo,

57
00:03:06,975 --> 00:03:10,363
eso significa que cualquier grupo de usuarios
es libre de trabajar juntos

58
00:03:10,373 --> 00:03:12,914
para adaptar el programa a lo que quieran.

59
00:03:12,929 --> 00:03:16,026
Por supuesto, en el grupo,
algunos son programadores.

60
00:03:16,049 --> 00:03:18,721
Ellos son los que 
escriben los cambios.

61
00:03:18,722 --> 00:03:20,839
Pero lo están haciendo como parte del grupo

62
00:03:20,859 --> 00:03:22,608
para lo que quiera el grupo.

63
00:03:22,622 --> 00:03:25,388
Por supuesto, el grupo
no tiene que estar compuesto por todos.

64
00:03:25,409 --> 00:03:27,586
Otros pueden usarlo en algún otro modo.

65
00:03:27,587 --> 00:03:30,131
Todos son libres de hacerlo,

66
00:03:30,141 --> 00:03:33,501
El control colectivo requiere
dos libertades esenciales más.

67
00:03:33,505 --> 00:03:36,976
La libertad dos es la libertad
para redistribuir copias exactas,

68
00:03:36,976 --> 00:03:38,927
para hacer copias y distribuirlas.

69
00:03:38,946 --> 00:03:41,026
o venderlas cuando quieras.

70
00:03:41,059 --> 00:03:43,012
La libertad tres es similar,

71
00:03:43,035 --> 00:03:45,276
pero es para tus versiones modificadas.

72
00:03:45,300 --> 00:03:49,172
Eres libre de hacer copias, y así
distribuirlas o venderlas cuando quieras.

73
00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:52,202
Si tienes esas libertades,
entonces eso es software libre,

74
00:03:52,216 --> 00:03:54,093
el usuario controla el programa.

75
00:03:54,130 --> 00:03:56,785
Pero si falta cualquiera de esas libertades,

76
00:03:56,819 --> 00:03:59,537
los usuarios no controlan el programa.

77
00:03:59,538 --> 00:04:05,580
El programa controla a los usuarios
y el desarrollador controla el programa.

78
00:04:05,594 --> 00:04:10,632
Eso significa, que ese programa
es un instrumento de poder injusto

79
00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:14,539
del desarrollador sobre los usuarios.

80
00:04:14,563 --> 00:04:17,500
Eso significa que los usuarios no tienen libertad.

81
00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:21,797
eso es un programa privativo o no-libre
del cual tenemos que deshacernos.

82
00:04:21,826 --> 00:04:25,262

¿Qué pasa cuando tienes
un programa privativo?

83
00:04:25,274 --> 00:04:29,102
A veces, el programa fisgonea al usuario.

84
00:04:29,154 --> 00:04:32,219
A veces, rastrea al usuario.

85
00:04:32,282 --> 00:04:35,235
A veces, restringe al usuario,

86
00:04:35,261 --> 00:04:38,178
e impide a los usuarios hacer algo
que quieren hacer.

87
00:04:38,194 --> 00:04:41,297
Puedes ver que el blue ray
es tu enemigo.

88
00:04:41,315 --> 00:04:42,347
[Risas]

89
00:04:42,365 --> 00:04:45,994
Algunas veces, el programa
borra libros remotamente

90
00:04:46,027 --> 00:04:49,115
como lo hizo Amazon con "Nineteen Eighty-Four".

91
00:04:49,139 --> 00:04:54,764
A veces, el desarrollador obliga a los usuarios

92
00:04:54,848 --> 00:04:58,405
a instalar una mejora dañina,

93
00:04:58,421 --> 00:05:01,529
amenazando con quitar
otra funcionalidad

94
00:05:01,555 --> 00:05:04,668
si no es instalada, como Sony lo hizo.

95
00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:09,443
A veces, pueden incluso forzar el cambio
del software a distancia. 

96
00:05:09,445 --> 00:05:14,631
como puede Microsoft con Windows
a través de la puerta trasera universal. 

97
00:05:14,678 --> 00:05:18,175
Algunas veces, incluso sabotean usuarios,

98
00:05:18,216 --> 00:05:23,370
como lo hace Microsoft cuando informa
a la NSA acerca de bugs en Windows,

99
00:05:23,394 --> 00:05:26,673
entonces puede usarlos
para atacar a las computadoras de la gente.

100
00:05:26,691 --> 00:05:30,751
Lo que básicamente obtienes,
con software privativo,

101
00:05:30,771 --> 00:05:33,795
el dueño tiene el poder sobre los usuarios,

102
00:05:33,807 --> 00:05:36,034
y se aprovecha de ese poder,

103
00:05:36,060 --> 00:05:39,906
poniendo variadas
funcionalidades malévolas

104
00:05:39,915 --> 00:05:41,937
Para dañar a los usuarios,

105
00:05:41,951 --> 00:05:44,916
Claro, no hacen esto
por que sean sádicos;

106
00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:47,719
lo están haciendo sólo
por dinero, por riqueza material.

107
00:05:47,738 --> 00:05:51,111
Tienen varias formas
con las que pueden lucrar

108
00:05:51,132 --> 00:05:53,759
al tener este poder sobre los usuarios

109
00:05:53,794 --> 00:05:58,355
lo que no lo hace 
ni siquiera un poco menos malo.

110
00:05:58,375 --> 00:06:00,253
Pero no tiene vergüenza de ello.

111
00:06:00,260 --> 00:06:04,010
Ellos tienen conferencias donde
hablan de las últimas formas

112
00:06:04,031 --> 00:06:08,374
que tiene para aprovecharse de los usuarios
a través del poder que tienen.

113
00:06:08,397 --> 00:06:11,077
Básicamente, el software privativo,

114
00:06:11,104 --> 00:06:15,823
que ahora es para casi todos los usuarios
de software privativo,

115
00:06:15,841 --> 00:06:18,595
están usando maleware privativo

116
00:06:18,613 --> 00:06:21,020
Es “software para bobos”.

117
00:06:21,048 --> 00:06:24,812
¿Cómo puedes dejar de ser la víctima?

118
00:06:24,859 --> 00:06:28,931
Antes, tenías que dejar de usar computadoras,
ahora eso no es necesario.

119
00:06:28,948 --> 00:06:34,265
Ahora, puedes unirte a nosotros
en el mundo libre que hemos construido.

120
00:06:34,290 --> 00:06:38,120
En 1983, anuncié que desarrollaría

121
00:06:38,172 --> 00:06:41,821
Un sistema operativo completamente
software libre llamado GNU

122
00:06:41,838 --> 00:06:45,415
En 1992, casi lo teníamos terminado,

123
00:06:45,439 --> 00:06:48,179
pero faltaba una pieza, el kernel. 

124
00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:52,546
Linux Torvalds, en ese año,
liberó su kernel, Linux,

125
00:06:52,580 --> 00:06:55,188
Lo que llenó el último hueco,
y nos dio

126
00:06:55,195 --> 00:07:00,045
el primer sistema completo
que podías ejecutar en una PC: GNU/Linux.

127
00:07:00,079 --> 00:07:07,403
Desafortunadamente, tener libertad en 
un punto no garantiza que la mantendrás.

128
00:07:07,415 --> 00:07:11,408
hay más de mil
diferentes variantes de GNU/Linux.

129
00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:13,418
Estas son llamadas distribuciones.

130
00:07:13,439 --> 00:07:16,279
Algunas de ellas son enteramente software libre;

131
00:07:16,279 --> 00:07:18,959
La mayoría de ellas tienen añadidos programas no-libres,

132
00:07:18,959 --> 00:07:22,584
porque son mantenidas por personas
quienes no están preocupadas por la libertad.

133
00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:26,860
Ellos prefieren agregar conveniencia --
a costa de la libertad.

134
00:07:26,879 --> 00:07:30,969
Entonces usted debe comprobar
cual es una distro libre.

135
00:07:30,984 --> 00:07:33,753
Mantener tu libertad,
a veces requiere un sacrificio,

136
00:07:33,762 --> 00:07:37,728
a veces un gran sacrificio,
como en Lexington.

137
00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:43,959
Pero en nuestra campaña
tienden a ser sacrificios pequeños.

138
00:07:43,977 --> 00:07:48,337
Cualquiera con un poco de madurez
puede hacer estos sacrificios.

139
00:07:48,364 --> 00:07:52,681
Por ejemplo, quieres aplicaciones,
pero algunas de ellas son no-libres.

140
00:07:52,699 --> 00:07:55,398
Si quieres libertad.
Tienes que hacerlo sin ellas.

141
00:07:55,411 --> 00:07:58,063
Podrían haber inconvenientes.

142
00:07:58,079 --> 00:08:01,324
tienes que sufrirlos
por el bien de tu libertad.

143
00:08:01,354 --> 00:08:05,851
Muchos sitios web
envían programas no-libres,

144
00:08:05,861 --> 00:08:09,174
escritos en JavaScript,
al navegador del usuario.

145
00:08:09,191 --> 00:08:11,422
Si no quieres ejecutar
estos programas no-libres,

146
00:08:11,438 --> 00:08:13,878
deberías instalar LibreJS

147
00:08:13,900 --> 00:08:17,571
que bloquea, 
JavaScript no-libre.

148
00:08:17,595 --> 00:08:21,902
A veces, los servidores ofrecerán
hacer tu informática.

149
00:08:21,916 --> 00:08:24,254
Dicen, “Envíanos todos tus datos.”

150
00:08:24,269 --> 00:08:26,099
Obviamente, para tontos.

151
00:08:26,129 --> 00:08:30,211
El servidor hace tu informática
y te envía los resultados.

152
00:08:30,225 --> 00:08:32,866
Pero no se supone que tu
pienses en que está pasando,

153
00:08:32,895 --> 00:08:37,537
por que es “cloud”,
y no ves lo que está pasando.

154
00:08:37,554 --> 00:08:39,188
Deberías tener cuidado.

155
00:08:39,198 --> 00:08:42,486
Es un servicio como substituto de
software,

156
00:08:42,510 --> 00:08:47,303
y te quita el control
de tu informática.

157
00:08:47,331 --> 00:08:50,037
Una gran porción de los
servidores web de mundo.

158
00:08:50,079 --> 00:08:53,139
están corriendo GNU/Linux
y otro software libre.

159
00:08:53,145 --> 00:08:56,984
Pero creo que las computadoras
más importantes para ponerles libertad

160
00:08:57,012 --> 00:09:00,768
son sus computadoras,
no los servidores web de las empresas.

161
00:09:00,792 --> 00:09:02,612
También merecen libertad.

162
00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:05,943
Pero sobre todo, la gente
necesita libertad.

163
00:09:05,957 --> 00:09:08,879
Por eso necesitamos libertad,

164
00:09:08,879 --> 00:09:12,294
y para hacerlo,
tenemos que cruzar obstáculos.

165
00:09:12,325 --> 00:09:14,547
Una de ellas son las grandes empresas

166
00:09:14,550 --> 00:09:17,641
que ganan mucho dinero
teniendo control sobre los usuarios.

167
00:09:17,663 --> 00:09:19,875
Ellas no quieren dejarnos avanzar.

168
00:09:19,890 --> 00:09:22,850
Tenemos que superar su oposición.

169
00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:27,280
Otra son los principales medios comunicación
que no hablan de software libre.

170
00:09:27,295 --> 00:09:32,359
Ellos tienen un término
para sepultar estos asuntos éticos.

171
00:09:32,386 --> 00:09:35,238
Dicen “código abierto”.

172
00:09:35,266 --> 00:09:39,459
Esto habla más o menos
de los mismos programas,

173
00:09:39,477 --> 00:09:41,396
pero con ideas diferentes.

174
00:09:41,415 --> 00:09:43,655
Los activistas del sofware libre dicen,

175
00:09:43,668 --> 00:09:45,587
“Es un asunto de correcto e incorrecto.

176
00:09:45,601 --> 00:09:47,857
Los usuarios merecen libertad.
Exigimos libertad.”

177
00:09:47,873 --> 00:09:50,757
La gente que dice código abierto,
no quiere decir eso.

178
00:09:50,776 --> 00:09:52,176
En vez de eso, dicen,

179
00:09:52,190 --> 00:09:55,778
“Dejen que los usuarios lo
cambien y lo redistribuyan, 

180
00:09:55,842 --> 00:09:57,629
y ellos harán el código mejor.

181
00:09:57,650 --> 00:09:59,161
Ellos arreglarán algunos bugs.”

182
00:09:59,170 --> 00:10:01,427
Puede ser cierto, pero eso es
un asunto menos importante.

183
00:10:01,438 --> 00:10:04,709
Si queremos mantener nuestra libertad,
tenemos que hablar de libertad.

184
00:10:04,725 --> 00:10:08,327
Entonces di, “software libre”,
y nos estarás ayudando.

185
00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:12,688
Otro obstáculo es que muchas
escuelas enseñan software no-libre,

186
00:10:12,700 --> 00:10:16,242
que es básicamente como enseñar
a los niños a fumar tabaco.

187
00:10:16,251 --> 00:10:18,226
Esto es implantar dependencia,

188
00:10:18,241 --> 00:10:20,560
Que es lo opuesto a
lo que las escuelas deberían hacer.

189
00:10:20,567 --> 00:10:24,571
Una escuela debería preparar ciudadanos
para vivir

190
00:10:24,583 --> 00:10:30,903
en una sociedad fuerte, capaz, independiente
cooperadora y libre.

191
00:10:30,914 --> 00:10:34,553
lo que significa, enseñar
software libre en la escuela.

192
00:10:34,573 --> 00:10:37,466
Pero hay otra razón
para hacer eso para la educación.

193
00:10:37,483 --> 00:10:40,776
Algunos niños quieren volverse 
programadores, son curiosos.

194
00:10:40,779 --> 00:10:42,662
Quieren saber como los programas funcionan.

195
00:10:42,671 --> 00:10:45,671
Mientras el que está estudiando
un programa libre puede entenderlo,

196
00:10:45,696 --> 00:10:49,432
el que está estudiando un programa 
no-libre no puede entender nada,

197
00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:53,194
por que el conocimiento
en un programa no-libre

198
00:10:53,226 --> 00:10:56,493
es retenido, negado a los estudiantes.

199
00:10:56,513 --> 00:10:58,827
Para mantener el espíritu de la educación,

200
00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:01,385
las escuelas deberían asegurarse
que sus programas sean libres.

201
00:11:01,398 --> 00:11:04,284
Pero hay aún una razón
más importante:

202
00:11:04,300 --> 00:11:07,170
Las escuelas deberían enseñar
el espíritu de buena voluntad,

203
00:11:07,187 --> 00:11:09,329
el hábito de ayudar a otra gente.

204
00:11:09,339 --> 00:11:11,120
La clase debería decir,

205
00:11:11,138 --> 00:11:13,443
“Si traes un programa a la clase,

206
00:11:13,455 --> 00:11:15,838
así como traes galletas a la clase,

207
00:11:15,853 --> 00:11:17,873
tienes que compartirlas con todos,

208
00:11:17,886 --> 00:11:19,563
No puedes mantenerlo para ti solo.

209
00:11:19,576 --> 00:11:23,689
Tienes que compartir el código fuente,
así otros pueden aprender.

210
00:11:23,712 --> 00:11:27,090
Entonces no traigas ningún software
privativo a la clase.”

211
00:11:27,100 --> 00:11:31,899
La escuela tiene que dar el buen ejemplo
siguiendo su propia regla:

212
00:11:31,905 --> 00:11:34,562
Debes traer sólo software
libre a la clase,

213
00:11:34,603 --> 00:11:39,291
excepto como ejercicio de 
ingeniería inversa.

214
00:11:39,314 --> 00:11:41,924
Otro obstáculo es que hay hardware

215
00:11:41,944 --> 00:11:44,681
para el cual no sabemos como
escribir software libre,

216
00:11:44,707 --> 00:11:47,467
Por que no nos dicen
como usar el hardware.

217
00:11:47,487 --> 00:11:50,202
Eso es espantoso.
Quieren venderte su producto,

218
00:11:50,215 --> 00:11:52,295
y  no te dirán como usarlo,

219
00:11:52,307 --> 00:11:55,781
Ellos dicen, “Aquí hay un programa
no-libre que puedes usar.

220
00:11:55,793 --> 00:11:59,248
Ejecútalo, y cállate.
No nos molestes.”

221
00:11:59,302 --> 00:12:03,905
¿Cómo nos damos cuenta como ejecutar
el hardware con ingeniería inversa?

222
00:12:03,918 --> 00:12:08,559
Tienes que estudiar todos esos 0s y 1s
y darte cuenta que hacen realmente,

223
00:12:08,589 --> 00:12:11,390
y escribir como usar ese hardware,

224
00:12:11,410 --> 00:12:14,379
así alguien más puede escribir
el programa libre para hacerlo.

225
00:12:14,390 --> 00:12:16,693
Es un trabajo duro, pero puede hacerse --

226
00:12:16,708 --> 00:12:19,282
Si quieres hacer una gran
contribución técnica,

227
00:12:19,301 --> 00:12:21,247
eso es lo que deberías hacer.

228
00:12:21,275 --> 00:12:24,659
Cada nueva área, 
actividad de la vida,

229
00:12:24,696 --> 00:12:28,867
puede traer con ella nuevos derechos
humanos que son necesarios.

230
00:12:28,885 --> 00:12:31,302
Los derechos humanos dependen los
unos de los otros.

231
00:12:31,316 --> 00:12:32,769
Si pierdes uno,

232
00:12:32,780 --> 00:12:35,550
Se vuelve más difícil
mantener los otros.

233
00:12:35,571 --> 00:12:39,773
En estos días, la informática
es importante en la sociedad

234
00:12:39,794 --> 00:12:44,059
que las libertades del software libre
están entre los derechos humanos

235
00:12:44,075 --> 00:12:47,177
que la sociedad debe establecer y proteger.

236
00:12:47,178 --> 00:12:49,637
Entonces, ¿Cómo ayudar?

237
00:12:49,656 --> 00:12:51,677
Puedes escribir un programa libre.

238
00:12:51,692 --> 00:12:54,469
Puedes organizar grupos para
hacer campaña,

239
00:12:54,478 --> 00:12:58,157
y persuadir a las escuelas y gobiernos
para moverse al software libre.

240
00:12:58,175 --> 00:13:01,798
Puedes ayudar a otra gente cuando
tiene problemas usando software libre,

241
00:13:01,815 --> 00:13:03,687
o ayudarles a instalarlo.

242
00:13:03,696 --> 00:13:08,375
Puedes decir, “software libre,”
y esparcir las ideas filosóficas.

243
00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:13,279
Moverse al software libre es el primer
paso en la liberación del ciberespacio,

244
00:13:13,294 --> 00:13:15,408
pero claro, usamos el internet.

245
00:13:15,421 --> 00:13:17,031
Necesitamos otras libertades allí,

246
00:13:17,060 --> 00:13:20,729
como la neutralidad de la red,
y ponerle un fin

247
00:13:20,751 --> 00:13:24,478
a la vigilancia de la gente en general.

248
00:13:24,839 --> 00:13:27,295
(Aplausos)

</pre>

= Ayuda (Obtener subtitulos sincronizados) =

Si tienes instalado youtube-dl usa la opción 
<source lang="bash">
--write-sub --sub-lang en
</source>

Seguido de la URL del video (el video debe tener los subtítulos subidos por el autor primero,

Para el video anterior algo que funciona es:
<source lang="bash">
youtube-dl --write-sub --sub-lang en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag1AKIl_2GM
</source>

Que va a descargar el archivo .srt con los subtitulos en el directorio actual.